- Linux basics: Filesystem hierarchy, permissions, process management, shell utilities.
- Reference: Linux Journey – Essentials
- Reference: The Linux Command Line by William Shotts (Free PDF)
- Networking fundamentals: OSI model, TCP/UDP, IP addressing, subnetting, routing.
- Reference: Cisco Networking Basics
- Reference: Subnetting Made Easy (YouTube)
- HTTP, DNS, TLS: Request/response cycle, status codes, DNS resolution, TLS handshake, certificates.
- Reference: MDN Web Docs – HTTP
- Reference: Let’s Encrypt – How TLS works
- Git and GitHub: Commit workflow, branching, merging, rebasing, pull requests, CI integration.
- Reference: Pro Git (free book)
- Reference: GitHub Guides – Understanding the GitHub Flow
- Bash or Python scripting: Automation, text processing, REST API interaction.
- Reference: Automate the Boring Stuff with Python (Free)
- Reference: Bash Guide for Beginners
- Basic cloud concepts: IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS, regions, availability zones, resource provisioning.
- Reference: AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials (PDF)
- Debugging and communication: Log inspection, error tracing, effective written and verbal reporting.
- Reference: Google SRE Book – Incident Response
These fundamentals form the foundation required to understand and secure more advanced systems.